Caraway Seeds

Caraway is a sound garden investment. It not only provides you with delicious, aromatic seed, it contributes to the biological control of undesirable insects, which is a key component of systems. Now that you’re on your way to producing your first crop, here are six pro tips to keep in mind: When growing a biennial, sow a new crop each year, to maintain a continuous supply of fruit.

Transfer seedlings outdoors during the early morning or late evening hours to avoid direct sunlight that may burn tender shoots and leaves. Water in the morning or evening, aim at the roots, and avoid getting water on the leaves, to inhibit fungus and prevent leaf scorch. Provide a nutrient boost with a side-dressing of organic matter midway through the growing season.

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When shopping for C. carvi seed to sow, you are most likely to find generic varieties. However, there is one named cultivar you may come across, called ‘Arterner.’ It’s known for producing an abundant crop with an exceptional flavor and oil content. growfoodguide.com. You may buy True Leaf Market’s generic seed .

C. carvi is relatively pest and disease-free, especially if you start with quality seed, your soil drains well, and you keep the weeds down. However, the occasional pest may visit, spreading disease as it feeds. Some pests to watch for are: carrot rust flies, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, and parsley catepillars. Diseases include: , , phoma blight, and powdery mildew.

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It’s fun to go out to the garden and pick something to eat. With caraway, your first harvest may be a few tender young leaves to nibble out of hand or add to a refreshing salad. Later, at season’s end in either year one or two, depending upon whether you are growing as an annual or biennial, the flowers give way to fruit.

At this time, you may harvest both seed and the roots beneath the soil. Here’s how to make the most of all parts of the C. carvi herb when you feature it in your garden: Pick tender young leaves just prior to use. Rinse, and enjoy or toss in salads as desired.

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Do not store it in the fridge or freezer, as moisture may foster mold formation. Dig roots at the end of season two, brush the dirt off, and store them like potatoes, in a cool, dry location. Depending upon your climate, they may keep for weeks or months. When you’re ready to enjoy them, simply wash, peel, and cook (growfoodguide).

And if you’re an aromatherapy aficionado, you may want to try your hand at oil extraction, a process that is beyond the scope of this guide. Plant Type: Herbaceous biennial, bushy Tolerance: Long taproot for some drought tolerance, frost tolerant Native To: North Africa, West Asia, Europe Maintenance: Low Hardiness (USDA Zone): 4-10 (temperate to subtropical) Soil Type: Sandy, organically-rich; tolerates other soils enriched with compost Season: Blooms/sets fruit in late summer of 2nd yr.

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carvi Water Needs: Keep moist until established, then moderate; keep leaves dry Attracts: Beneficial wasps and flies Pests & Diseases: Carrot rust fly, grasshopper, leaf hopper, parsley worm, aster yellows, damping off, Phoma blight, powdery mildew Caraway seed adds to foods. It is rich in essential oil-containing chemical compounds called terpinenes, including limonene and carvone.

Visit our sister site, Foodal, for delicious recipes that make use of every part of this nutritious herb. Here are several you are sure to enjoy: In , the fruit of C. carvi is featured to perfection. Serve it warm to fully appreciate the interplay of pungent seed, salty bacon, and subtle vinaigrette.

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Photo by Nina-Kristin Isensee. Use the leaves in for an especially tangy bite with the zing of cayenne and sweetness of maple syrup. Beet and Lettuce Salad with Green Onion Vinaigrette. Photo by Shanna Mallon. And finally, at season’s end in year two, use the roots to good advantage in , for a hearty helping of sweet and nutty harvest goodness.

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make home cooking more flavorful and nutritious, and offer a cost savings over store-bought fresh or dried products - gardening. And cultivating edibles is a sound use of garden space in that it not only puts food on the table, but also contributes to . Get out your garden planner and add a new item to this year’s list: Caraway – the entirely edible herb, with a fruit called a seed, that we eat as a spice! Please tell us about your herb gardening experiences in the comments section below.

With wit and hopefully some wisdom, she shares what she’s learned and is always ready to dig into a new project! .

Growing Guide GROWING NOTESCaraway is in the same family as Angelica, Carrot, Dill and others and will show tiny white, the umbel- type flowers common to this family. Can grow to approximately 2' tall. Caraway prefers full sun to partial shade, and should be grown in a location with light or sandy well-drained soil. growfoodguide.com.

Keep soil well-moistened while germination occurs; moderate slightly once seedling has broken through surface of soil. Transplant outdoors after the last frost, ideally on an overcast day.

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Grow caraway for its intensely scented seeds or as a parsnip-like root vegetable. It will manage in partial shade, but grow in full sun if harvesting the seeds is the intent. Caraway will thrive in nearly any reasonable soil, but if grown as a root crop, take some time to cultivate deeply as you would for carrots.

For spring sowing, direct in the garden is preferred in order not to damage the taproot. Technically caraway seeds can be started in trays, but transplant them early and carefully, before the root is exposed. Sow seeds 5mm-1cm (¼-½”) deep. If growing as a root crop, treat the plants like vegetables and space them 20cm (8″) apart.

Caraway plants look a bit like carrot plants. In the first year of growth, they reach about 20cm (8″) tall. New spring growth emerges from a parsnip-like taproot in early spring. By early summer, the plant begins to send up its flower stalk to around 60cm (24″) tall. The edible leaves and flowers can be picked in the summer.

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Sowing more seeds at this time is sensible. As an umbelifer, caraway acts like a general health tonic for the garden. Once in bloom, the plants will attract many species of predatory insects to control pest species. Plant near any crop that suffers from caterpillars (such as Brassicas) or aphids (such as peas).

Community of editors, researchers, and specialists March 31, 2019 Caraway (Carum carvi) is a biennial herb with aromatic leaves and delicious seeds that are used in a number of culinary ways. It will grow to a height of around 60cm/2 feet (0 (Seeds).6 m). Caraway grows well in both cool and warm climates.

1/2" Deep 8-12" Apart 5 Days 70+ Spring & Summer Full Sun Well drained, high in organic matter Strawberries & peas Collect dry seed heads in late Summer or early Fall Start your caraway seeds 4-6 weeks prior to your last average frost. Maintain well-moistened soil, until your seedling has broke through the top of the soil. vegetable.

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Caraway prefers full sun or partial shade. Make sure you choose a location with light or sandy, well-drained soil. Water moderately and regularly. Harvest the leaves from your caraway plant when it is well established and 6" or taller. Using scissors, cut the stem near the base of the plant and strip the leaves.

Make sure they are fully mature and completely dry. Collect the seed heads & then shake over a bowl, or inside of a bag. You can run them through a screen to separate the seeds from chaff. Store your seeds in a sealed container somewhere dry, & cool out of any sunlight.

Caraway is a very easy and fascinating herb to grow. Its been used since the Stone Age and its best to grow it in soil that is not too rich and certainly soil that doesn’t get waterlogged, it is actually a hardy biennial from the carrot family which meansthat we sow it one year and it flowers and set seeds in the second and for most of us the main reason we grow caraway is actually for the seeds and the seeds can be used in Asian and Indian dishes.

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You can pop them into soups or stews but you can even eat the roots like vegetable and the tops can be added to Casseroles and salad.Growing caraway really couldn’t be easier, you need to turn over the soil to a fine tilth, it likes a sheltered sunny position and it really does prefer quite well-drained but fertile soil.

It’ll eventually reach about 60 cm or 2 feet in its second year but in its first year it very rarely gets above 20 cm. It can be directly sown any time from the spring till summer and the drills need to be about 15 cm apart. The caraway seeds should be sown so they are about 15 to 20 cm apart in the drills.Make a drill put some water along the drill, very very gently sow the seeds along the drill and of put the soil back on top.

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Caraway, also known as Persian Cumin or Meridian Fennel, is part of the carrot family and similar in appearance too. It has aromatic leaves and tasty seeds which are used in a wide range of European style dishes, the seeds can also be chewed to relieve indigestion. The caraway plant will grow up to approximately 60cm.

It performs best in warmer areas with full sunlight. Propagating Caraway Sow directly into a well drained soil and lightly cover with a thin layer of soil. This thin layer, (about 0.5 - 1cm), should include your rich compost for best results. Keep about 15 to 20 cm room between plants.

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Use a liquid fertilizer a couple of times during the growing months. Container GrowingCaraway will grow very well in a container, provided it is placed in a bright, sunny location. grow organic vegetables. Use a larger container with a regular potting soil, you will need to fertilize every few weeks and water regularly.

Scandinavian akvavit, Icelandic brennivín, and several liqueurs are made with caraway. In Middle Eastern cuisine, caraway pudding, called , is a popular dessert during Ramadan. It is typically made and served in the Levant area in winter and on the occasion of having a new baby. Caraway is also added to flavor , a North African chili pepper paste.

Caraway fruit oil is also used as a fragrance component in soaps, lotions, and perfumes. Caraway is also used as a breath freshener, and it has a long tradition of use in folk medicine. In the United States, the most common use of caraway is whole as an addition to rye bread – often called seeded rye or Jewish rye bread.

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Caraway is distributed throughout practically all of Europe except the Mediterranean region; it is widely established as a cultivated plant. All other European species of Carum generally have smaller fruits; some grow on rocks in the mountains, chiefly in the Balkans, Italian Alps and Apennines. However the only one that is cultivated is Carum carvi, its fruits being used in many ways in cooking and its essential oils in the preparation of certain medicines and liqueurs.

In warmer regions, it is planted in the winter as an annual. In temperate climates, it is planted as a summer annual or biennial. However, a polyploid variant (with four haploid sets=4n) of this plant was found to be perennial. Finland supplies about 28% (2011) of the world's caraway production from some 1500 farms, the high output occurring possibly from its favorable climate and latitudes, which ensure long summer hours of sunlight.

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About.com. Retrieved February 16, 2016. "Anise Seed Substitute". Buzzle.com. Archived from the original on September 15, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2016. "English Malayalam Spice Names". Recipes.malayali.me. 2008-11-07. Retrieved 2013-01-25. "Caraway". Word Crops Database. Retrieved February 16, 2016. ^ Katzer's Spice Pages: Caraway Caraway (Carum carvi L.) Walter William Skeat, Principles of English etymology, Volume 2, page 319.

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Archived from the original on 2014-03-04. María D. López; María J. Jordán; María J. Pascual-Villalobo (2008). "Toxic compounds in essential oils of coriander, caraway and basil active against stored rice pests". Journal of Stored Products Research. 44 (3): 273–278. doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2008.02.005. Tomanová, Eliška (1998). Wild Flowers. Prague, Czech Republic: Aventinum Nakladatelství.

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113. ISBN 978-1-84067-046-2. "Finland a Global Leader in Caraway Exports". FinnFacts - vegetable. 22 April 2013. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2014.

Cumin ( or by chefs, or ) (Cuminum cyminum) is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to southwestern Asia including the Middle East. Its seeds – each one contained within a fruit, which is dried – are used in the cuisines of many cultures in both whole and ground form.

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The term comes via Middle English and Old French from the Latin term cuminum, which in turn comes from the Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon). This is a Semitic borrowing related to Hebrew כמון (kammōn) and Arabic كمون (kammun), all of which ultimately derive from Akkadian 𒂵𒈬𒉡 (kamūnu). Cumin is the dried seed of the herb Cuminum cyminum, a member of the parsley family.

It is an annual herbaceous plant, with a slender, glabrous, branched stem that is 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tall and has a diameter of 3–5 cm (​1 1⁄4–2 in). Each branch has two to three subbranches. All the branches attain the same height, so the plant has a uniform canopy.

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The leaves are 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long, pinnate or bipinnate, with thread-like leaflets. The flowers are small, white or pink, and borne in umbels. Each umbel has five to seven umbellets. The fruit is a lateral fusiform or ovoid achene 4–5 mm (​1⁄6–​1⁄5 in) long, containing two mericarps with a single seed.

They resemble caraway seeds, being oblong in shape, longitudinally ridged, and yellow-brown in colour, like other members of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) such as caraway, parsley, and dill. Likely originating in a region of the Eastern Mediterranean called the Levant, cumin has been in use as a spice for thousands of years.

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In the ancient Egyptian civilization, cumin was used as a spice and as a preservative in mummification. Cumin was a significant spice for the Minoans in ancient Crete. Ideograms for cumin appear in Linear A archive tablets documenting Minoan palace stores during the Late Minoan period. The ancient Greeks kept cumin at the dining table in its own container (much as pepper is frequently kept today), and this practice continues in Morocco.

Since cumin is often used as part of birdseed and exported to many countries, the plant can occur as an introduced species in many territories. Ground cumin on display at the market in Ortigia, Syracuse (Italy) The main producers of cumin are China and India, which produces 70% of the world supply and consumes 90% of that (which means that India consumes 63% of the world's cumin).[] Mexico is another major producer.

It has a growth season of 100 to 120 days.[] The optimum growth temperature ranges are between 25 and 30 °C. The Mediterranean climate is most suitable for its growth. Cultivation of cumin requires a long, hot summer of three to four months. At low temperatures, leaf colour changes from green to purple.

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In India, cumin is sown from October until the beginning of December, and harvesting starts in February. In Syria and Iran, cumin is sown from mid-November until mid-December (extensions up to mid-January are possible) and harvested in June/July. The three noteworthy sorts of cumin seed in the market vary in seed shading, amount of oil, and flavor.

The seeds need 2 to 5 °C (36 to 41 °F) for emergence, an optimum of 20–30 °C (68–86 °F) is suggested. Cumin is vulnerable to frost damage, especially at flowering and early seed formation stages. Methods to reduce frost damage are spraying with sulfuric acid (0.1%), irrigating the crop prior to frost incidence, setting up windbreaks, or creating an early-morning smoke cover.

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Soaking the seeds for 8 hours before sowing enhances germination. For an optimal plant population, a sowing density of 12–15 kilograms per hectare (11–13 lb/acre) is recommended. Fertile, sandy, loamy soils with good aeration, proper drainage, and high oxygen availability are preferred. The pH optimum of the soil ranges from 6.8 to 8. Seeds.3.

Therefore, a proper seedbed preparation (smooth bed) is crucial for optimal establishment of cumin. Two sowing methods are used for cumin, broadcasting and line sowing. For broadcast sowing, the field is divided into beds and the seeds are uniformly broadcast in this bed. Afterwards, they are covered with soil using a rake.

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The seeds are then placed in these furrows and covered with soil. Line sowing offers advantages for intercultural operations such as weeding, hoeing, or spraying. The recommended sowing depth is 1–2 cm and the recommended sowing density is around 120 plants per m2. The water requirements of cumin are lower than those of many other species.

The amount and frequency of irrigation depends on the climate conditions. The relative humidity in the center of origin of cumin is rather low. High relative humidity (i.e (gardening). wet years) favours fungal diseases. Cumin is especially sensitive to blight and wilt. Early-sown crops exhibit stronger disease effects than late sown crops.

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Fusarium is seed- or soil-borne and it requires distinct soil temperatures for development of epidemics. Inadequate fertilization might favour Fusarium epidemics. Cumin blight (Alternaria) appears in the form of dark brown spots on leaves and stems. When the weather is cloudy after flowering, the incidence of the disease is increased.

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Incidence of powdery mildew in early development can cause drastic yield losses because no seeds are formed. Later in development, powdery mildew causes discoloured, small seeds. Pathogens can lead to high reductions in crop yield. Cumin can be attacked by aphids () at the flowering stage. They suck the sap of the plant from tender parts and flowers.

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Heavily infested plant parts should be removed. Other important pests are the mites (Petrobia latens) which frequently attack the crop. Since the mites mostly feed on young leaves, the infestation is more severe on young inflorescences. The open canopy of cumin is another problem. Only a low proportion of the incoming light is absorbed.

This might be a problem because weeds can compete with cumin for essential resources such as water and light and thereby lower yield. The slow growth and a short stature of cumin favours weed competition additionally. Two hoeing and weeding sessions (30 and 60 days after sowing) are needed for the control of weeds.

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The use of preplant or pre-emergence herbicides is very effective in India, but this kind of herbicide application requires soil moisture for a successful weed control. Cumin is a diploid species with 14 chromosomes (i.e. 2n = 14). The chromosomes of the different varieties have morphological similarities with no distinct variation in length and volume.

The variabilities of yield and yield components are high. Varieties are developed by sib mating in enclosed chambers or by biotechnology. Cumin is a cross-pollinator, i (grow organic vegetables).e. the breeds are already hybrids. Therefore, methods used for breeding are in vitro regenerations, DNA technologies, and gene transfers. The cultivation of cumin allows the production of genetically identical plants.

Cumin can be an ingredient in chili powder (often Tex-Mex or Mexican-style), and is found in blends, , , , curry powder, , and is used to flavor numerous commercial food products. In South Asian cooking, it is often combined with coriander seeds in a powdered mixture called . Cumin can be used ground or as whole seeds.

It is also used as an ingredient in some pickles and pastries. The seeds are powdered and used in different forms like kashaya (decoction), arishta (fermented decoction), and vati (tablet/pills), and processed with ghee (a semifluid clarified butter). In traditional medicine practices of several countries, dried cumin seeds are believed to have medicinal purposes, although there is no scientific evidence for any use as a drug or medicine.

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Cuminaldehyde, cymene, and terpenoids are the major volatile components of cumin oil which is used for a variety of flavors, perfumes, and essential oil. Cumin oil may be used as an ingredient in some cosmetics. Cumin's distinctive flavour and warm aroma are due to its essential oil content, primarily the aroma compound, cuminaldehyde.

Other components include γ-terpinene, safranal, p-cymene, and β-pinene. Caraway fruits are similar in shape and structure to cumin seeds In a 100-g reference amount, cumin seeds provide high amounts of the Daily Value for fat (especially monounsaturated fat), protein, and dietary fiber (table). B vitamins, vitamin E, and several dietary minerals, especially iron, magnesium, and manganese, are present in substantial Daily Value amounts (table). gardening.

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Cumin is sometimes confused with caraway (Carum carvi), another spice in the parsley family (Apiaceae). Cumin, though, is hotter to the taste, lighter in color, and larger. Many European languages do not distinguish clearly between the two. Many Slavic and Uralic languages refer to cumin as "Roman caraway". The distantly related and and the unrelated are both sometimes called black cumin (q.v.).

Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 13 March 2008. ^ ^ Boning CR (2010). (1st ed.). Sarasota, Fla.: Pineapple Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-56164-453-7. ^ "Cumin". Drugs.com. 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018. Heinrich Zimmern (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A.

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"Cumin, Fennel and Fenugreek" (PDF). Soils, Plant Growth and Crop Production. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). Retrieved 29 November 2013. ^ Nabhan GP (2014). Univ of California Press. p. 234. ISBN 978-0-520-26720-6. ^ "Cumin". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018. Zohary D, Hopf M (2000). Domestication of plants in the Old World (first ed.).

p. 206. Castleden, Rodney, “Minoans: Life in Bronze Age Crete”, Routledge, London & New York, 1990, p.52. "Cumin". World Crops Database. 16 September 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2018. (PDF). Mintec. 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2017. "Cumin Seed". National Nutrient Database, United States Department of Agriculture. 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2018.

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"A rapid and efficient method for regeneration of plantlets from embryo explants of cumin (Cuminum cyminum)". Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 75: 19–25. Kains MG (1912). Orange Judd Company. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Borah PM (29 April 2012). "Scrumptiously Kerala". The Hindu. ^ Bettaieb I, Bourgou S, Sriti J, Msaada K, Limam F, Marzouk B (August 2011).

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 91 (11): 2100–7. doi:10.1002/jsfa.4513. PMID 21681765. "Cumin". WebMD. 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019. Li R, Zi-Tao J (2004). "Chemical composition of the essential oil of Cuminum cyminum L. from China". Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 19 (4): 311–313. doi:10.1002/ffj - Seeds.1302. Wang L, Wang Z, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang H (August 2009).

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Analytica Chimica Acta. 647 (1): 72–7. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2009.05.030. PMID 19576388. Iacobellis NS, Lo Cantore P, Capasso F, Senatore F (January 2005). "Antibacterial activity of Cuminum cyminum L. and Carum carvi L. essential oils". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (1): 57–61. doi:10.1021/jf0487351. PMID 15631509.

(black caraway, also known as black cumin, nigella, kalojeera, kalonji or kalanji) is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to a large region of the eastern Mediterranean, northern Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, and West Asia. N. sativa grows to 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) tall, with finely divided, linear (but not thread-like) leaves.

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The fruit is a large and inflated capsule composed of three to seven united follicles, each containing numerous seeds which are used as spice, sometimes as a replacement for black cumin (). The genus name Nigella is a diminutive of the Latin niger (black), referring to the seed color. The specific epithet, "sativa", refers to "cultivation".